![]() Many commercial emulsion and slurry explosives are not oxygen balanced - most contain more fuel in the form of hydrocarbon oils, fuel oil, mineral oil, and emulsifiers, which are also hydrocarbons. A condition for clean bum is that the fuel and oxidizing ingredients are intimately mixed. ![]() This results in a very complete and clean combustion, closely resembling that of an ideal detonation. When blasting agents are used in large (6 - 13 inch diameter) drillholes in blasting with heavy overburdens of rock, there is generally enough time for the chemical reactions to reach equilibrium while the pressure is still high. reaction product gases, such as CO, NO, NO2, NH3, and CH4, to mention a few. Such blasting agents in ideal detonation give a minimum of polluting and toxic. their composition is such that there is just enough oxygen (mostly from ammonium nitrate) to oxidize all the hydrogen in the composition to water, all the carbon to carbon dioxide, and any aluminum to alumina, Al2O3. Some modern commercial blasting agents such as ANFO are of an oxygen balanced composition, i.e. ![]() This case points out that in a different rock type, the ANFO will not leave excessive unfractured rock. A final case involves ANFO used alone to fracture a different rock type. There was too much unfractured rock left when ANFO was used alone aluminized ANFO used for the entire explosive column caused excessive fracturing. The fracturing induced by three different explosives indicate that (in the chosen geometry) the most efficient breakage is done by a column of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixture (ANFO) used with a toe charge of aluminized ANFO. This paper demonstrates the use of the numerical model to simulate the fracturing induced by the detonation of a vertical explosive column near a bench. The model has proven useful for making parametric studies and for evaluation of alternate blast designs. accurately predicts the degree and extent of fracturing as functions of design parameters. The model includes fundamental treatment of both shock-wave propagation and the accumulation of brittle fracture in the rock. This model, however, will also be useful as a design tool for the traditional problems in rock blasting. The fragmentations were analyzed using WipFragĪ computational model of rock blasting is being developed to examine the blasting problems associated with in situ oil shale processing. The target of size fragmentation at P80=500 mm. The blasting result from fragmentation is measured by its size and uniformity. The result of VoD value is still in the range of VoD target from 4500-5500 m/s. From measurement the VoD with waste oil 60 % is 4,902 m/s and waste oil 80 % content is 4,876 m/s at the density 0.95 and 0.96 gr/cc. VoD value are depend on chemical composition, density, and degree of confinement of explosive. Waste Oil Laboratory Test The Velocity of Detonation (VoD) is the velocity at which the shock wave from travels through a detonated explosive (M.J. The performance of waste oil analyzed from velocity of detonation, blast result from fragmentation, digging time, and productivity, then the reducing of diesel oil consumption will be explained in this research. The waste oil have to prepare to separated water and impurities and laboratory checked then can be used if all parameter in normal range as standard of specification waste oil used in explosive mixture as shown at Table 1. The perfection of blasting reaction depends on the quality of waste oil used in explosive mixture. The concern is whether the increasing of that content still can produce a perfect blasting. The method of this research is comparing of using 60 % versus 80 % waste oil content to emulsion quality and blasting performance with side by side trial. The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of increasing waste oil content on HiMEX70 product and also reducing the fuel consumption. The usage of waste oil with content 60 % already applied since 2020 and will increase to 80 % content at the end of 2022. Waste oil is a compound containing carbon element which can be used as substitute of fuel oil to make emulsion explosive (Bellico, et. Waste oil containing heavy metal and necessary specified treatment and research to reuse (SNI 7642:2020). Based on government regulation the application of the concept reduce, reuse, and recycle are an alternative solution on waste management in mining activities (PP No. The mining operational produces waste in larger scale one of them is waste oil which is including in the category of hazardous and toxic material (Putri, et.
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